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亚当·斯密在1776年《国富论》中提出“看不见的手”（invisible hand），意指在社会应该推崇自由竞争的市场，让个人追求自身利益的非故意行为，受“看不见的手”驱使，最终会促进社会整体利益的增加。这一隐喻揭示了市场机制通过价格机制和自由竞争自动配置资源，而无需政府过多干预。

《国富论》中关于“看不见的手”的英文表述：

在《国富论》第四篇第二章中，原文如下：

“By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. It is an affectation, indeed, not very common among merchants, and very few words need be employed in dissuasion from it. [He] intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.”

关键词与释义：

• Invisible Hand：看不见的手。
• Self-interest：自身利益。
• Market Mechanism：市场机制。
• Laissez-faire：自由放任。

倡导市场经济的国家，通常的特征是政府手里没钱，比如欧洲的绝大多数国家，地铁上涂鸦等基础设施建设陈旧，并不是全因为他们效率差。主要原因就是没钱，有钱也是被耗费到福利上了。而中国和美国的一些行为则背离了市场经济，比如中国过度的一些基建项目、美国的全球化关税都是在通过了计划经济的行为在阻碍全球市场经济。